CLASS XI PYTHON BASIC Logical Operator AND and OR

 In Python, logical operators are used to combine or negate conditions and are crucial for control flow and decision-making in your code. Specifically:

1. and: Returns True if both conditions on either side of the and are True. If either condition is False, it returns False.

   python
   condition1 = True
   condition2 = False
   result = condition1 and condition2  # False, because condition2 is False

2. or: Returns True if at least one of the conditions on either side of the or is True. It returns False only if both conditions are False.

   condition1 = True
   condition2 = False
   result = condition1 or condition2  # True, because condition1 is True
   

Examples:

Here are some practical examples to illustrate how and and or work:

Example with and:

python
x = 10
y = 5

# Check if x is greater than 5 and y is less than 10
if (x > 5) and (y < 10):
    print("Both conditions are True.")
else:
    print("At least one of the conditions is False.")

In this example, (x > 5) evaluates to True and (y < 10) also evaluates to True, so the result is True, and the output will be "Both conditions are True."

Example with or:

python
x = 10
y = 15

# Check if x is less than 5 or y is greater than 10
if (x < 5) or (y > 10):
    print("At least one of the conditions is True.")
else:
    print("Both conditions are False.")

In this example, (x < 5) evaluates to False but (y > 10) evaluates to True, so the result is True, and the output will be "At least one of the conditions is True."

Combining and and or:

You can also combine and and or in complex expressions:

python

x = 10
y = 5
z = 15

# Check if x is greater than 5 and (y is less than 10 or z is greater than 20)
if (x > 5) and ((y < 10) or (z > 20)):
    print("The complex condition is True.")
else:
    print("The complex condition is False.")

In this case:

• (x > 5) is True.
• (y < 10) is True, but (z > 20) is False. Since (y < 10) or (z > 20) evaluates to True, and x > 5 is also True, the overall condition is True.