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MySql Date & Time Functions (CBSE Syllabus)
1. Current Date and Time Functions
These functions are used to get the system's current date and time.
| Function | Purpose | Example | Result (Assuming Today) |
| NOW() | Returns current date and time. | SELECT NOW(); | 2026-01-01 20:05:10 |
| CURDATE() | Returns only the current date. | SELECT CURDATE(); | 2026-01-01 |
| SYSDATE() | Returns current date and time. | SELECT SYSDATE(); | 2026-01-01 20:05:10 |
Note: For the board exam,
NOW()andSYSDATE()are often treated as similar, butNOW()returns the time the query started, whileSYSDATE()returns the time it executes.
2. Extraction Functions
These functions "pluck" a specific part out of a given date.
| Function | Purpose | Example | Result |
| DATE() | Extracts the date part of a date/time. | SELECT DATE('2026-12-25 10:30'); | '2026-12-25' |
| MONTH() | Returns the month number (1–12). | SELECT MONTH('2026-12-25'); | 12 |
| MONTHNAME() | Returns the full name of the month. | SELECT MONTHNAME('2026-12-25'); | 'December' |
| YEAR() | Returns the four-digit year. | SELECT YEAR('2026-12-25'); | 2026 |
DAY() / DAYOFMONTH() | Returns the day of the month (1–31). | SELECT DAY('2026-12-25'); | 25 |
| DAYNAME() | Returns the name of the weekday. | SELECT DAYNAME('2026-12-25'); | 'Friday' |
| DAYOFWEEK() | Returns the day index (1=Sun, 2=Mon...). | SELECT DAYOFWEEK('2026-12-25'); | 6 |
| DAYOFYEAR() | Returns the day of the year (1–366). | SELECT DAYOFYEAR('2026-02-01'); | 32 |
Solved Board-Style Questions
Q1. Write a query to display the name of the current month.
Ans:
SELECT MONTHNAME(CURDATE());
Q2. Consider a table Library with a column IssueDate. Write a command to display only the year of issue for all books.
Ans:
SELECT YEAR(IssueDate) FROM Library;
Q3. What is the output of SELECT DAYOFMONTH('2026-08-15');?
Ans:
15
Q4. Write the output of:
SELECT MONTHNAME('2026-01-01'), DAYNAME('2026-01-01');
Ans:
January,Thursday
Important Comparison for Exams
| Feature | MONTH() | MONTHNAME() |
| Output Type | Numeric (1, 2, 3...) | String (January, February...) |
| Example | 5 | 'May' |
Common Trap:
When writing dates in a query, always enclose them in single quotes (e.g., '2026-05-20'). If you write YEAR(2026-05-20) without quotes, MySQL treats it as a subtraction $(2026 - 5 - 20)$, leading to a wrong result.
